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Beijing (pronounced /be??d???/ or /be?????/ in English; Chinese: ??; pinyin: Beijing, IPA: [pe?t?i?] ( listen); Wade-Giles: Pei3ching1 or Pei3-ching1) (also known as Peking (/pi??k??/ ( listen) or /pe??k??/)) is a metropolis in northern China and the capital of the People's Republic of China. Governed as a municipality under direct administration of the central government, Beijing borders Hebei Province to the north, west, south, and for a small section in the east, and Tianjin Municipality to the southeast.[6] Beijing is one of the Four Great Ancient Capitals of China.[7] Beijing is China's second largest city after Shanghai,[8] with more than 17 million people in Beijing's area of jurisdiction. The city is divided into 16 urban and suburban districts and two rural counties;[9] the city's urban area has about 13 million Beijing is a major transportation hub, with dozens of railways, roads and motorways passing through the city. It is also the destination of many international flights arriving in China. Beijing is recognized as the political, educational, and cultural center of the People's Republic of China,[8] while Shanghai and Hong Kong predominate in economic fields.[10][11][12] The city hosted the 2008 Olympic Games. world besides Beijing have served as the political and cultural centre of an area as immense as China for so long.[13] The Encyclop?dia Britannica describes it as "one of the world's great cities,"[14] and declares that the city has been an integral part of China’s history for centuries; there is scarcely a major building of any age in Beijing that doesn't have at least some national historical significance.[13] Beijing is renowned for its opulent palaces, temples, and huge stone walls and gates.[15] Its art treasures and universities have long made the city a centre of culture and art in China.[15]